European Union after the invasion of Ukraine: transformations and pathways

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 brought the European Union into a new phase with many challenges, particularly with regard to armament, defence and energy policies, which presented the Union's leaders with limited options and accelerated actions.

At the beginning of the invasion, the European Union began a serious move to support Kiev politically, economically and militarily, and imposed successive packages of sanctions on Moscow, but the invasion revealed many of the obstacles created by decades of European policies for which the countries of the Union were not ready, especially with regard to the war with Russia and its break with it in the field of energy.

Therefore, the Union has gradually moved in two basic files, the military strategy and energy policies. This study examines the European transformations since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, the motives of these developments, their data and details, and the basic issues that resulted from the war, such as military strategy, energy policies and relations with Washington.

The study also addresses some of the difficulties in the European transformation, including the divisions among member states between the "Justice Camp" and the "Peace Camp". The main issues of concern in this study are specifically the expected paths of war and its future scenarios.

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