Understanding Afghanistan: An Overview of Internal and External Dynamics Two Years into Taliban Control

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the internal and external dynamics in Afghanistan two years after Taliban control. It highlights key aspects of the country's situation, including the treatment of women, the economy, security, the presence of armed groups, and foreign relations.

Internally, Afghanistan's treatment of women has regressed to resemble conditions from two decades ago, with severe restrictions on female rights and education. The Taliban's leadership exhibits ideological divides, particularly between the Kandahari and more moderate factions, creating policy shifts and challenges.

Economically, Afghanistan faces significant challenges, with reduced international financial support and a reliance on the opium trade. The Taliban's efficient tax collection has reduced corruption but poses risks without viable alternatives.

Security has improved overall, but the presence of IS-K ((Islamic State Khorasan) remains a major concern. Foreign armed groups within Afghanistan raise questions about the Islamic Emirate's relationships with specific countries.

Externally, the Islamic Emirate lacks international recognition, particularly from the United States. Recent US-Taliban interactions show some cooperation but remain limited.

Relations with neighboring countries are complex. Pakistan's historically supportive stance has been strained due to TTP (Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan) attacks and alleged Taliban inaction. Iran's relationship is pragmatic, driven by shared interests and the need for engagement despite historical tensions. China's involvement is motivated by security concerns and investment opportunities, with recent mineral extraction contracts signed.

Afghanistan's situation is complicated, with a mix of positive and negative developments. The Taliban faces challenges in governance and international relations, particularly concerning armed groups on Afghan soil.

Keywords: Afghanistan -Taliban control - Islamic Emirate - Women's rights - IS-K (Islamic State Khorasan) - US-Taliban relations.

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